Osteoporosis Screening
Bone density screening to detect osteoporosis risk.
Because osteoporosis typically causes no symptoms until a fracture occurs, screening is the only reliable way to identify bone loss early enough to act on it. Screening is particularly important for people with known risk factors, since identifying reduced bone density before a fracture happens allows preventive treatment to begin while it can still make the biggest difference.
Types
DEXA Scan (Bone Density Test)
The standard, most accurate test for measuring bone mineral density, typically at the hip and spine.
FRAX Risk Assessment
A calculated estimate of 10-year fracture risk based on bone density and personal risk factors.
Baseline Screening
Initial bone density testing for individuals reaching an age or risk profile where screening is recommended.
Follow-up Screening
Repeat testing to monitor bone density over time, particularly for those already on treatment.
Common Causes
Screening is recommended based on a combination of age, sex, and specific personal risk factors known to increase the likelihood of osteoporosis.
- Postmenopausal women - generally the group with the highest recommended priority for screening.
- Men and women over a certain age, given the general age-related decline in bone density.
- A previous fragility fracture, which strongly indicates a need for bone density assessment.
- Long-term steroid use or other medications known to affect bone density.
- A family history of osteoporosis or hip fracture.
- Other medical conditions known to increase osteoporosis risk, such as thyroid or digestive disorders.
Signs and Symptoms
- Typically none - screening is specifically for people without symptoms, to catch bone loss before it causes a fracture
- A previous fracture from a minor fall, which is itself a signal to be screened if not already assessed
- Loss of height or a developing stoop, sometimes prompting screening
- Known risk factors present, even without any physical signs yet
Diagnosis
Screening itself is the diagnostic step - a DEXA scan directly measures bone density, generally at the hip and spine, and the result is often combined with a FRAX score to estimate overall fracture risk over the next decade.
Treatment Approach
The outcome of screening determines next steps rather than being treatment itself - normal bone density needs only routine monitoring, while reduced density prompts a discussion about lifestyle changes and, if risk is significant, medication. Dr. K. G. Gopalakrishna reviews screening results in the context of overall fracture risk before recommending whether treatment is needed or whether monitoring alone is appropriate.
Please note: This page is for general information only and does not replace a proper medical evaluation. Every case is different, and the underlying cause of your symptoms may not match what is described here. Please do not use this page to self-diagnose - consult Dr. K. G. Gopalakrishna or another qualified orthopaedic specialist for an accurate diagnosis specific to you.
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Last reviewed: August 2026