Shoulder Replacement Surgery
Shoulder joint replacement for severe arthritis or injury.
Shoulder replacement surgery replaces the damaged joint surfaces of the shoulder with an artificial implant, used when severe arthritis or injury has destroyed the joint beyond what non-surgical treatment can manage. It is less commonly needed than knee or hip replacement, but can significantly relieve pain and restore function in the right candidates.
Types
Total Shoulder Replacement
Both the ball and socket of the shoulder joint are replaced, used when the rotator cuff is intact.
Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement
The normal ball-and-socket arrangement is reversed, used when the rotator cuff is severely damaged or absent.
Hemiarthroplasty
Only the ball of the joint is replaced, used in select fracture and arthritis cases.
Common Causes
Shoulder replacement is considered when arthritis or severe joint damage has caused pain and loss of function that non-surgical treatment can no longer manage.
- Severe osteoarthritis affecting the shoulder joint.
- Rheumatoid arthritis causing significant joint destruction.
- Severe shoulder fractures where the joint surface cannot be preserved.
- Massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears leading to a specific pattern of arthritis.
- Avascular necrosis of the shoulder joint.
Signs and Symptoms
- Persistent shoulder pain, including at rest and at night
- Significant stiffness limiting daily activities
- Weakness affecting the ability to lift or use the arm
- Pain that has not responded to injections, physiotherapy, or medication
- Grinding or grating sensation with shoulder movement
Diagnosis
X-rays showing significant joint damage, combined with a full clinical assessment of shoulder strength, movement, and rotator cuff function, guide the choice between total and reverse shoulder replacement.
Treatment Approach
The specific type of replacement depends heavily on whether the rotator cuff is intact and functioning - an intact cuff generally allows a standard total replacement, while a damaged cuff often requires a reverse replacement to function well. Recovery involves a structured physiotherapy programme to restore movement and strength. Dr. K. G. Gopalakrishna assesses rotator cuff condition and joint damage carefully before recommending the most suitable type of replacement.
Please note: This page is for general information only and does not replace a proper medical evaluation. Every case is different, and the underlying cause of your symptoms may not match what is described here. Please do not use this page to self-diagnose - consult Dr. K. G. Gopalakrishna or another qualified orthopaedic specialist for an accurate diagnosis specific to you.
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Last reviewed: August 2026