Slipped Disc / Lumbar Disc Herniation Treatment
Non-surgical and surgical care for herniated spinal discs.
A slipped or herniated disc occurs when the soft inner material of a spinal disc pushes out through its outer layer, sometimes pressing on a nearby nerve. It is one of the most common causes of sciatica, and the great majority of cases improve with non-surgical treatment over a period of weeks to a few months.
Types
Disc Bulge
The disc extends beyond its normal boundary without a full tear in the outer layer.
Disc Protrusion
A more focal outward extension of disc material, still contained within the outer disc layer.
Disc Extrusion
Disc material breaks through the outer layer entirely.
Sequestered Disc Fragment
A piece of disc material separates completely and moves within the spinal canal.
Common Causes
Disc herniation happens when the disc's outer layer weakens or tears, allowing the inner material to push outward, most often from a combination of age-related change and mechanical strain.
- Age-related disc degeneration, making the outer disc layer more prone to tearing.
- Heavy lifting, particularly with poor technique or twisting under load.
- Sudden forceful movement or trauma to the spine.
- Repetitive strain from certain occupations or activities.
- Genetic predisposition to earlier disc degeneration.
Signs and Symptoms
- Lower back pain, sometimes sudden in onset
- Sharp, shooting pain radiating down one leg (sciatica)
- Numbness or tingling following the path of the affected nerve
- Weakness in the leg or foot on the affected side
- Pain that worsens with sitting, bending, or coughing
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a clinical examination testing nerve function, supported by an MRI, which clearly shows the herniated disc and confirms whether it is pressing on a nerve.
Treatment Approach
Most herniated discs improve with rest from aggravating activity, physiotherapy, pain management, and sometimes an epidural injection to reduce nerve inflammation. Surgery - typically a discectomy to remove the portion of disc pressing on the nerve - is considered for the minority of cases with severe, persistent symptoms or significant weakness that does not improve with non-surgical treatment. Dr. K. G. Gopalakrishna monitors the response to conservative treatment closely before considering surgical options.
Experiencing something urgent? If there is visible deformity, an open wound, sudden severe pain, or the limb cannot be moved or weight-bearing at all, call us right away. Call +91 72595 84549 If you cannot reach us immediately, please go to your nearest emergency department without delay.
Please note: This page is for general information only and does not replace a proper medical evaluation. Every case is different, and the underlying cause of your symptoms may not match what is described here. Please do not use this page to self-diagnose - consult Dr. K. G. Gopalakrishna or another qualified orthopaedic specialist for an accurate diagnosis specific to you.
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Last reviewed: August 2026